According to Spade, ‘Logic of the Categorical’, 214, n. 17 idem, Thoughts, Words and Things: An Introduction to Late Medieval Logic and Semantic Theory (2007), available online at, 254-255. 23 idem, ‘The Logic of the Categorical: The Medieval Theory of Descent and Ascent’, in Meaning and Inference in Medieval Philosophy: Studies in Memory of Jan Pinborg, ed. Spade, ‘Ockham’s Distinctions Between Absolute and Connotative Terms’, Vivarium 19 ( 1975 ), 55-76, at 62, n. I will not address this problem here.)| false Spade, ‘Synonymy and Equivocation in Ockham’s Mental Language’, Journal of the History of Philosophy 19 (1980), 9-22. Dutilh Novaes, ‘Ockham on Supposition and Equivocation in Mental Language’, Proceedings of the Society for Medieval Logic and Metaphysics 3 (2003), 37-50 P.V. Normore, ‘Material Supposition and the Mental Language of Ockham’s Summa Logicae’, Topoi 16 (1997), 27-33, at 30-33 C. This issue has received a great deal of attention in the secondary literature. Bonaventure, 1974), 197.56-59, that the division of supposition into personal, simple, and material can be applied to items in the mental language. In that same paper, 66-68, Spade points out a different tension between the rule and Ockham’s claim at William of Ockham, Summa Logicae ( sl) I.64, ed. Spade, ‘Ockham’s Rule of Supposition: Two Conflicts in His Theory’, Vivarium 12 ( 1974), 63-73, at 69-70.

Normore, ‘Material Supposition and the Mental Language of Ockham’s Summa Logicae ’, Topoi 16 (1997), 27-33, at 30-33 C. In that same paper, 66-68, Spade points out a different tension between the rule and Ockham’s claim at William of Ockham, Summa Logicae ( sl ) I.64, ed. Spade, ‘Ockham’s Rule of Supposition: Two Conflicts in His Theory’, Vivarium 12 ( 1974 ), 63-73, at 69-70.

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